Development Status of PDC Rock Bit Technology

Ⅰ. PDC rock bits dominate the market

The PDC rock bits (polycrystalline diamond compact bit) became the main force in rock breaking as early as 10 years ago, and gradually replaced the roller cone bit, playing an important role in the speed and cost reduction of drilling.

In recent years, more than 85% of drilling footage in China and the United States is completed by PDC bits, which have dominated the oil drill bit market.

Ⅱ. Cutting teeth have become the main direction of innovation of PDC rock bits

The improvement and innovation of cutting teeth is the main direction of pdc drill technology improvement and innovation, and it is easy to get twice the result with half the effort.

1. Continuously improve the material and improve the performance of cutting teeth

Cobalt is a binder added when pressing pdc drill compacts, and it is macroscopically uniformly distributed in the synthetic diamond.

Because the thermal expansion coefficient of carbon element (synthetic diamond) and cobalt element is different, the volume will increase with the increase of temperature during operation, which will cause the increase of internal stress and cause the damage of the PDC composite sheet.

Therefore, the problem of decobaltization of the composite sheet is proposed. The decobaltization technology of the PDC composite sheet is to remove the cobalt element in the diamond layer. The drill bit company uses the PDC compact decobalt technology to improve the comprehensive performance of the pdc drill bit cutter, especially the thermal stability performance.

2. Innovative shape and structure to realize the diversification of cutting teeth

(1) Non-planar PDC cutters

For a long time, the cutting face of PDC cutters has been flat. In order to further improve the rock breaking efficiency and prolong the service life of the drill bit, in recent years, pdc drill bit manufacturers have broken the routine and subverted the tradition, and have successively introduced a variety of non-planar PDC cutters.

(2) Movable PDC cutting teeth

The traditional PDC cutting teeth are fixed teeth, and some movable PDC cutting teeth have been innovatively developed in recent years.

(3) Diversified composite sheet bonding surfaces

The interface between the PDC composite sheet and the base column is directly related to the wear resistance, impact resistance and thermal stability of the PDC cutting teeth. To improve the performance of PDC cutters, pdc drill bit manufacturers have introduced a refurbished compact interface.

Ⅲ. The structure of pdc bit is diversified and integrated

Any improvement and innovation has advantages and disadvantages. The integrated application of traditional technology and new technology can play their respective advantages and reduce risks, usually achieving the effect of "1+1>2".

Integrated innovation has become one of the hotspots in the improvement and innovation of drill bit structure in recent years, and the rock breaking methods of PDC rock bits also tend to be diversified and integrated.

1. Mixed tooth drill

In recent years, some new cutting teeth have been continuously introduced, and the traditional cutting teeth and new cutting teeth have been integrated and applied, that is, the production of mixed-teeth drills has achieved unexpected comprehensive results.

And correspondingly equipped with fixed PDC cutting teeth and a plurality of rotatable PDC cutting teeth pdc drill bit. Rotatable PDC cutters help maximize the potential of PDC cutters, increasing ROP and extending drill life.

2. Hybrid drill

In recent years, the biggest breakthrough in the innovation of drill bit integration is the two-in-one drill bit that integrates the advantages of the roller cone bit and the PDC rock bit, which broadens the formation adaptability of the pdc bit and improves the ROP.